 |
 |
|
| |
| Arsenic: |
Wood Preservatives, by-product of
copper & lead smelters, agricultural products,
glass, nonferrous alloys. |
| Beryllium: |
Fuel containers, aircraft disc brakes, X-ray
transmission windows, heat shields, precision
instruments, mirrors, nuclear weapons and reactors.
Beryllium oxide is used to make specialty electrical
and high tech ceramics, electronic insulators,
microwave oven components. |
| Cadmium: |
Metal plating, nickel-cadmium and other batteries,
pigments, plastic stabilizers, pesticides, alloys,
chemical reagents. |
| Chromium: |
Alloying and plating element on metal &
plastic substrates, protective coatings for automotive
& equipment accessories, electroplating cleaning
agents, industrial water treatment including treatment
of cooling tower water, drilling muds, refractories,
mordants in textile industry, fungicides, wood
preservatives, dyes & pigments, sensitizer
in photographic industry, medical astringents
and antiseptics, leather treatment/ tanning, nuclear
and high temperature research. |
| Copper: |
Plumbing/piping, paints and pigments, corrosion
inhibitor, electroplating processes, insecticide,
fungicide, herbicide, pigment for ceramics, mildew
preventive, paper products, glass, controlling
algae & aquatic plant growth, water resistant
adhesives for wood, synthetic rubber, varnishes,
battery electrodes, cement, stabilizer for polyurethanes
and nylons, fuel additive, flameproofing, printing
and photocopying, dyeing and printing textiles,
manufacture of indelible, invisible, and laundry
marking inks; refining of copper, silver and gold;
to remove lead compounds from gasoline and oils/petroleum
purifying agent, photography. anti-fouling agent,
used in silver, brass, and copper-tin alloy plating. |
| Lead: |
Plumbing, batteries, ammunition, electrical
equipment (circuit boards for computers &
other electronic circuitry), television glass,
metal products-sheat lead-solder-pipes, ceramic
glazes, roofing materials, medical equipment,
scientific and military equipment (tracking systems).
(Synonyms: Plumbum, pigment metal). |
| Mercury: |
Thermometers, Hg switches, barometers, batteries
containing Hg are used in devices ranging from
guided missiles to hearing aids, cameras, calculators,
smoke detectors; electric or mercury lamps for
outdoor lighting (floodlights/street lights),
used in diuretics, antiseptics, and skin preparations.
Also used in dental amalgams, pigments/paints
(approximately one third of all interior latex
paint contained varying levels of Hg), lubrication
oils. Low Level Hg level interference from tobacco
products or exhaust from automobiles. (Synonyms:
quicksilver, liquid silver, hydrargyrum, kwik). |
| Molybdenum: |
Molydates used in corrosion inhibitor; recirculating
cooling water and boiler water corrosion control
additives or resin treatment cartridges (0.1 to
15 mg/L), lubricating oils, alloy element in steels,
cast iron and non-ferrous metals, nuclear medicine;
to form technitium used in imaging, smoke suppressant
as ingredient in plastics, foods (beans, peas
and other legumes due to Mo being essential media
nutrient for nitrogen fixation, cereal grains,
organ meats, leafy vegetables). |
| Nickel: |
Steels and alloys, permanent magnet materials,
nickel-cadmium batteries, electroplating, ceramics,
soil, vegetation, fuel oil combustion, stormwater
runoff, colored glass, textiles. |
| Selenium: |
Pigments in plastics, paints, enamels, inks,
& rubber. Anti-dandruff shampoos, recitifiers
for home entertainment equipment, red or black
glass, veterinary medicine (fungicide and insecticide),
foods (grains, cereals, meats, seafood). |
| Zinc: |
Oils, lubricants and greases, paints and inks,
cosmetics and medicines, rubber (anti-stick agent),
powders, piping, floor cleaners and polishers,
batteries and electrical equipment, cooling and
boiler water additive to control biofilm, soil/runoff,
soure water or city water—use of zinc polyphosphate
is groundwater or surface water source high in
zinc, soaps, TV screens, flourescent lights, luminous
dials. |
| Phenols: |
Phenolic resins used in plywood adhesive, construction,
automotive and appliance industry. Intermediate
in production of caprolactum-used to make nylon
and other synthetic fibers. Disinfectant, slimicide,
anesthetic in medicinal preparations including
ointments, ear and nose drops, cold sore lotions,
throat logenzes, antiseptic lotions. Bisphenol
A is used to make epoxy and other resins. Pentachlorphenol
used as industrial wood preservative for utility
poles, fence posts, and used at sawmills. Used
in some air masking agents, odor control products
and deodorizers. |
| Cyanide: |
Electroplating, metallurgy, production of organic
chemicals, anti-caking agents in road salts, plastic
manufacturing, chelating agents, insecticides,
dyes and pigment manufacturing, extraction of
gold & silver from ores, photographic development. |
| Ammonia: |
Household cleaner, bleaching agent, refrigerant,
fertilizer production, plastics, explosives, pharmaceuticals,
metal treatment operations (i.e. sodium hydride
descaling, nitriding), defoliant agent, rubber
industry for stabilization of raw latex to prevent
coagulation. |
| Phthalates: |
Platicizers in PVC resins for fabricating flexible
vinyl products (PVC resins used in shower curtains,
toys, components of paper and paperboard, adhesives,
food containers), cosmetic products, mosquito
repellents, detergents, aftershave lotions, skin
care preparations, fixative in perfumes, nail
polish and nail polish remover, tape applications,
food applications. |
| Naphthalene: |
Natural component of petroleum and coal, moth
repellents/mothballs or crystals, toilet &
diaper pail deodorant blocks, leather tanning
agents, intermediate in production of phthalic
anhybride used in production of resins, plasticizers,
dyes, and pharmaceuticals. |
| Benzene: |
Synthetic rubbers and fibers, liquid detergents,
some plastics, adhesives, radios, textiles, automobiles,
tires, appliances, motor vehicle gasoline component,
carpet glue, furniture wax. |
| Carbon Tetrachloride: |
Use in manufacturing of refrigerants and propellants
for aerosol cans, petroleum refining, pharmaceutical
manufacturing, general solvent use, until mid
1960s widely used as a cleaning fluid-degreasing
agent, spot remover and in fire extinguishers.
(Synonyms: carbona, tetrachloromethane) |
| Chloroform: |
Can form in water w/ use of chlorine compounds
(including HTH, sodium hypochlorite), plastics,
solvent for lacquers, floor polishes, artificial
silk manufacture, resins, fats, greases, gums,
waxes, adhesives, oils, rubber. Industrial solvent
in extraction and purification of some antibiotics,
vitamins, flavors. (Synonyms: methane trichloride,
trichloromethane). |
| Methyl Ethyl
Ketone: |
Solvent for coatings, adhesives, magnetic tapes,
printing inks, and pesticides. As an extraction
solvent for hardwood pulping and vegetable oil,
colorless synthetic resins, as a fragrance and
flavoring agent in candy and perfumes, lacquering
and varnishing, artificial leather, lubricating
oils, cleaning fluids, fabric coating, cements,
smokeless powder. (Synonyms: MEK, 2-butanone,
methyl acetone). |
| Methylene
Chloride: |
Industrial solvent, cleaning and thinning uses,
aerosol products such as coatings, paint removers,
hair sprays, room deodorants, herbicides, insecticides.
Metal degreasing, foam blowing of polyurethanes,
stripping and degreasing in the electronics industry,
polycarbonate resin production. (Synonyms:
dichloromethane, methylene dichloride - trade
names: Aerothene, MM, Freon 30, Narkotil, R30,
Solaestin, & Solmethine). |
| Tetrachloroethylene: |
Dry cleaning, metal degreasing. In smaller quantities
used in rubber coatings, solvent soaps, printing
inks, adhesives and glues, sealants, lubricants,
pesticides. (Synonyms: Perchloroethylene,
PCE, Perc, ethylene tetrachloride, perchlor) |
| Toluene: |
Component of gasoline, 1% used in solvents in
paints, inks, adhesives, and cleaning agents.
Production of pharmaceuticals, dyes, cosmetic
nail products. Used in chemical synthesis of benzene,
urethane foams. (Synonyms: phenyl methane,
methyl benzol, toluol, methyl benzene). |
| 1,1,1-Trichloroethane: |
Solvent for adhesives and in metal degreasing,
pesticides, textile processing, cutting fluids,
aerosols, lubricants, cutting oil formulations,
drain cleaners, shoe polishes, spot cleaners,
printing inks. Industry cleaning (vapor degreasing
of precision instruments, molds, electrical equipment,
circuit boards), circuit board fabrication and
in semiconductor industry for secondary cleaning,
cleanin of printing presses, food packaging machinery.
(Synonyms: methyl chloroform, chloroethane,
methyltrichloromethane) - No longer
to be made in US after 1996. |
| Trichloroethylene: |
Solvent to remove grease from metal parts, particularly
in the automotive and metals industries, found
in household products - typewriter correction
fluid, paint removers, adhesives, spot removers,
rug cleaning fluids. (Synonyms: ethylene trichloride,
triclene, acetylene trichloride, NCI-CO4546, 1,1,2-trichloroethylene). |
| Vinyl chloride: |
Parent component of PVC. Containers, pipes,
hose, flooring, wrapping film, battery cell separators,
refrigerant gas, electrical insulation. (Synonyms:
VC, chloroethene, ethylene monochloride, monochloroethylene). |
| Xylenes: |
Manufacture gasoline, reforming petroleum fractions
solvent, production of polyester fibers, dyes.
Three (3) isomers: ortho (feed stock for phthalic
anhydride manufacture - pigment), meta (manufacture
of isophthalic acid), and para (household fabrics,
clothing, carpets). (Synonyms: o, m, or p-xylol,
dimethylbenzene). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
